使用说明：
对于培养细胞样品：
1. 融解NP-40裂解液，混匀。取适当量的裂解液，在使用前数分钟内加入PMSF，使PMSF的最终浓度为
   1mM。
2. 对于贴壁细胞：去除培养液，用PBS、生理盐水或无血清培养液洗一遍(如果血清中的蛋白没有干
   扰，可以不洗)。按照6孔板每孔加入150--250微升裂解液的比例加入裂解液。用枪吹打数下，使裂解
   液和细胞充分接触。通常裂解液接触细胞1-2秒后，细胞就会被裂解。
   对于悬浮细胞：离心收集细胞，用手指把细胞用力弹散。按照6孔板每孔细胞加入150--250微升裂解
   液的比例加入裂解液。再用手指轻弹以充分裂解细胞。充分裂解后应没有明显的细胞沉淀。如果细胞
   量较多，必需分装成50-100万细胞/管，然后再裂解。
3. 充分裂解后，10000-14000g离心3-5分钟，取上清，即可进行后续的PAGE、Western和免疫沉淀等操
   作。
   裂解液用量说明：通常6孔板每孔细胞加入150微升裂解液已经足够，但如果细胞密度非常高可以适
   当加大裂解液的用量到200微升或250微升。
对于组织样品：
1. 把组织剪切成细小的碎片。
2. 融解NP-40裂解液，混匀。取适当量的裂解液，在使用前数分钟内加入PMSF，使PMSF的最终浓度为
   1mM。
3. 按照每20毫克组织加入150--250微升裂解液的比例加入裂解液。(如果裂解不充分可以适当添加更多
   的裂解液，如果需要高浓度的蛋白样品，可以适当减少裂解液的用量。)
4. 用玻璃匀浆器匀浆，直至充分裂解。
5. 充分裂解后，10000-14000g离心3-5分钟，取上清，即可进行后续的PAGE、Western和免疫沉淀等操
   作。
6. 如果组织样品本身非常细小，可以适当剪切后直接加入裂解液裂解，通过强烈vortex使样品裂解充
   分。然后同样离心取上清，用于后续实验。直接裂解的优点是比较方便，不必使用匀浆器，缺点是不
   如使用匀浆器那样裂解得比较充分。

附：碧云天生产的各种裂解液主要特点、差异和选择
首先请参考下表，了解各种裂解液的主要特点和差异。

    用于普通的Western、IP或co-IP，我们推荐使用Western及IP细胞裂解液(P0013)，该裂解液已被国内各大研究机构广泛使用，发表大量SCI论文，用户普遍反映很好。裂解细胞或组织后，没有非常粘滞的透明状DNA团块形成，不必采用超声处理等就可以非常理想地用于后续操作。另外该裂解液裂解的产物也适合用于磷酸化蛋白的Western检测。
    对于某些特殊蛋白的IP，如果发现Western及IP细胞裂解液(P0013)效果不是非常理想，可以尝试用RIPA裂解液(强、中或弱)或NP-40裂解液。如果发现IP的时候背景很高，即非特异的蛋白也被IP下来，则需要选用裂解强度较高的裂解液，例如RIPA裂解液(强或中)。如果发现目的蛋白无法被IP下来，则说明裂解液的强度过强，可以使用较为温和的裂解液例如RIPA裂解液(弱)或NP-40裂解液。
    对于某些难溶解蛋白的Western，如果发现Western及IP细胞裂解液(P0013)效果不是非常理想，可以尝试使用裂解强度更高的裂解液例如RIPA裂解液(强、中)或SDS裂解液。使用RIPA裂解液(强)的用户也非常多，发表了大量SCI论文。
    用于特定用途需要自行添加特定抑制剂或不需要添加抑制剂时，可以考虑选购P0013J或P0013K。
P0013J在很多时候可以兼容酶活性和生物小分子的检测，对于特定的酶或生物小分子的检测是否兼容需 要自行测试，碧云天不提供具体的应用信息。P0013J的裂解能力比P0013K弱一些，但用于酶活性和生物小分子时，P0013J的兼容性通常会更好一些。

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